Cryptography is a vital component of modern information security, impacting everything from personal communications to national security. This course provides a comprehensive introduction to cryptography, covering its fundamental principles, various techniques, and real-world applications. Students will explore the historical context of cryptography, the mechanics of encryption and decryption, and the ethical and legal considerations surrounding its use. By the end of the course, learners will have a foundational understanding of how cryptography works and its significance in today's digital landscape.